Originating from the Mediterranean coast, it evolved from the vegetable thistle (C.cardunculus L.). Direct root system, fleshy, with deep main roots and long lateral roots, mostly distributed in soil layers of 20-40 centimeters. The stem is upright and grows as a shortened stem in one year. After budding in the second year, the stem nodes elongate. The adult plant is 1-2.5 meters tall. There is gray white spider silk like fuzz. The above ground part of the plant undergoes annual self renewal of its tillering buds. The basal leaves grow in a lotus like shape, with a large and thick lanceolate shape. Before the 6th leaf, they are entire, after the 6th leaf, they are deeply lobed, and after the 9th leaf, they are deeply lobed and have coarse serrations. After bolting, the leaves alternate and the upper and middle leaves gradually shrink. Without a petiole, the back of the leaves is densely furry. The head shaped inflorescence has an ovate or nearly ovate bract. The bracts are smooth, hard leathery, and the base is fleshy (edible). The flowers are all tubular, with a reddish purple color. The fruit is an achene, elliptical in shape, brown in color, with a bristly crown. A thousand seeds weigh 40-50 grams and have a germination ability of about 7 years.